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exists chiefly as a salt, usually as the N-methyldithiocarbamate derivative, which is stable for long periods of time at room temperature under normal storage conditions and doesn’t decompose during normal handling or use. The ammonium salt is also well known but not commonly used (as most people have access to 5% powder Cream USP) because it has poor solubility in water. Some manufacturers have tried formulating pure niclosamide powder solutions in alcohol, but these tend to be quite viscous due to the formation of a complex between niclosamide and water.

The preferred vehicles for topical administration are water-based (e.g., lotions, creams, ointments) containing from 0.05% to 10% by weight of active ingredient when necessary admixed with a surfactant selected from nonionic surface-active agents such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters; sorbitan fatty acid esters; polyoxyethylene alkylethers & alkylphenyl ethers or polyoxyethylene sorbitol ethers which may also serve as skin penetration enhancers; anionic surface active agents such as alkyl sulphates, alkylsulphonates & carboxylated alcohols; amphoteric or zwitterionic compounds such as alkylbetaines, aminoglycines, alycaceteamides and N-acylamino acid betaines.